Institutskolloquium des IPP 2024
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium des IPP in Garching und Greifswald mit Videoübertragung
Tritium is a natural cosmogenic nuclide and omnipresent in natural waterbodys. However, man made nuclear activities have strongly increased the global inventory. The talk will cover natural and anthropogenic sources, the radioecological modelling of tritium migration in the environment and dose assessment to humans. Tritium will be compared to other radionuclides with respect to peculiarities of uptake and biological half life in the human body. Specific damage to tissue is rather low, due to its limited beta decay energy. This leads to high exemption limits for handling and high specific activities for clearance and discharge during the operation of nuclear facilities. Regulatory limits and dose coefficients as suggested by WHO, IAEA and ICRP as well as German legislation are discussed. Finally, the discharge of contaminated water from the Fukushima Daichi site will radiologically be set into perspective.
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Recent years have seen a significant, quickly accelerating dynamic on the path towards making fusion a real option to meet net zero carbon emissions targets. International and national Government-funded programs are assisting the development of fusion technologies with a longer-term deployment window, with private fusion technology developers are focused on the commercialization of fusion over the next decade. Governments are establishing enabling programs to help progress these enterprises in parallel to the traditional public R&D programs. The technological development of fusion spans the three areas: (i) maturing fusion science, (ii) new enabling technologies (iii) private investment in fusion.Fusion has already been demonstrated on a small scale, with a noted recent energy breakeven obtained with laser based inertial fusion at LLNL in December 2022, with the expected scaling up in the next few years lead by the private sector’s demonstration machines. It is the scaling up of the process that presents the key challenge to the commercialization of fusion technology, which require facilities reviewed in this webinar There is a significant gap in the availability of engineering data on the effects of intense fluxes of high energy neutrons on materials and components, a gap that both public and private programs must address. International cooperation and access to facilities, to enable their integration into the overall international effort, to help identify the optimum technological choices, will define the success of fusion as a power-generating option. Regulatory uncertainty and standardization also need to be addressed, where the development of global codes and standards, coupled with the harmonization of regulations, is a necessary requirement for the deployment of fusion as a viable energy source.The international cooperation and access to worldwide facilities, as well as integral planning of how a particular facility is fitting in a structured programme to obtain results that allow to make optimum choices is of paramount importance to have a real progress in Fusion deployment.
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